are you looking for information on what the switch and/or router keeps in it's memory to process packets?
If you don't have access to some real equipment or can't afford to purchase some on your own, I'd advise you to go pull down a router and/or switch simulator and a good book to learn/practice with. There is NO substitute to actually sitting on the console and learning/testing/breaking/fixing.
No offense, but I don't think your school is doing a very good job of teaching you this if you are getting ready to take a test and don't yet understand the basic differences between what a switch does and what a router does.
A basic layer 2 switch keeps a table of MAC addresses and which port the address resides on. They take a packet, read the header up to the point where they read the destination MAC address (note: a layer 2 switch never reads the IP address info) and forwards the packet to the correct port. If the dest MAC address is not in the table, it will perform an ARP broadcast across all the ports to find it.
A Router doesn't care about the MAC addresses as it works at layer 3 level. It keeps a table of "routes" where it knows certain IP addresses/ranges go out which particular interface to get there. It takes a packet, reads the destination IP address and sends the packet down the correct interface to get there.
Hmm... you do know what we are talking about when we talk about layer 2 and layer 3 right? (hint: google the OSI model)
edit:
I'm sure LordOfLA will chime in with more info and/or correct me as necessary 🙂 😛
edit2: If I was rude in anyway, I apologize. I'm tired and cranky from a crappy day at work..