It disables all the automatic network traffic (that we know about). Things like: time sync, windows update, remote assistance, file sync (offline files), error reporting, automatic codec download...
Its all paranoia. If MS have real spy software in it, it would not be documented in any way and you would not be able to turn it off.
Personally, I use it just to be in control of my computer. I'm happy to do things manually.
-Having a good knowledge of changes to your system in useful for diagnosing any problems that pop up.
-I also don't want any of this automatic updating to interfere....eg what If I was playing an online game and windows started downloading files...it would ruin my game.
Anyway, you can get it here
here
I wouldn't recommend turning *everything* off, just what is useful to you.